Immunology and Cell Biology

Immunotherapy & Immune Modulation

Immunotherapy and immune modulation encompass strategies designed to enhance, suppress, or redirect immune responses for therapeutic benefit. This field has revolutionized treatment for cancer, chronic infections, and autoimmune conditions. Approaches include checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T-cell therapies, monoclonal antibodies, cytokine therapies, and immune tolerance–inducing agents. Research examines how to overcome immune evasion, improve T-cell persistence, and minimize toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome. Immune modulation also involves therapies that suppress harmful inflammation or restore regulatory pathways in autoimmune diseases. Cutting-edge work focuses on personalized immunotherapies guided by biomarkers, neoantigen profiling, and tumor or disease-specific immune signatures. Combining immunotherapy with radiation, targeted drugs, or metabolic modulators is showing promising synergistic effects. Understanding the balance between activation and regulation is key to designing more durable, precise, and safe therapeutic strategies.