Immunology and Cell Biology

Cellular and molecular immunology

The study primarily deals with cells, molecules, and immune system interactions, as well as how these interactions help the immune system identify and get rid of invaders. The human body has a number of immune defence mechanisms in place to protect it from different viruses, bacteria, fungi, and poisons. It discusses how immune cell pathways produce various immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and cytokines. Prior to making a reaction, the system frequently needs to recognise a pathogen. A T-interaction cell's with an antigen-presenting cell illustrates this stage of the response. An antibody molecule or a T-cell receptor (TCR) may detect a whole molecule or a fragment of a molecule as an antigen. The T-cell receptor and class I or class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex are the cell surface molecules involved in antigen recognition by T cells (MHC). Each T-cell expresses a distinct T-cell receptor that will only engage with a particular subset of antigens. Short peptides linked to MHC molecules serve as the antigens recognised by T-cell receptors.